Robert Grant Haliburton (1831–1901) was a Canadian lawyer and anthropologist active during the nineteenth century. Holding the titles of Queen's Counsel (Q.C.) and Doctor of Civil Law (D.C.L.), Haliburton's professional life spanned the fields of law and early anthropological study.
He is primarily remembered as the founder of the Canada First organization. Through this movement, Haliburton promoted nationalist views, contending that English Canadians were the "heirs of Aryan northmen" while characterizing French Canadians as a "bar to progress."